So far, the only known mechanism that mobile telephone radiation has had an effect on living tissue is heating. The rise in temperature on the surface of the brain caused by radio waves is 0.3 degrees at the most. This kind of temperature rise is not known to have biological significance. The temperature of the brain normally fluctuates by about one degree, and only after a five degree increase in temperature do cells become damaged.
Several studies, in several countries, have tried to find out any other effects apart from heating. On the basis of the results obtained from the studies, it has not been possible to conclude that radiation from mobile phones would be detrimental to health.
Experiments performed on cell cultures, also performed at STUK, have produced indicators that mobile telephone radiation could cause temporary changes in the functions of cells. These functions include the functions of genes, activation of proteins, and the internal chemical communication within cells. The trigger for these changes is unknown. It is only known that this phenomenon is not the result of excessive heating of tissue.
Radio waves at the radiation level of mobile phones may increase the permeability of the so-called blood-brain barrier. The blood-brain barrier regulates the passing of material between the bloodstream and brain cells. Possible changes are, however, minimal and disappear quickly when the radiation stops. This could possibly be a case of a change caused by microscopic heating. The occurrence falls within the realm of physiological fluctuation and is not known to be harmful.
Approximately 20 general population studies concerning the causal relation of possible tumour risk and mobile phone use have been carried out. On the grounds of the studies to date, it is not possible to make such a conclusion that mobile phones would cause a health risk. Nevertheless, certain analyses that combine several earlier studies have reported an increased risk of brain tumour in people who have used a mobile phone for a long time (more than ten years). These studies however involve uncertainties. One source of error is a memory illusion related to the fact that mobile phone use and call durations that took place many years are ago are difficult to recall exactly.
Since it takes years to develop a cancer and mobile phones have been in common use only for about ten years, the possibility, that a link between mobile phone use and cancer might be found in later population studies, cannot be ruled out.
It would be good to restrict children’s use of mobile phones
There is only scarce research evidence on children and mobile phones, and it is not easy to get more – in research ethical sense, children are a special group, which is why the intended study must be very well-founded. Research evidence is neither available on young people’s using habits of mobile phones. Studies have been made with young test animals but these results are not directly applicable to humans.
Children nevertheless have a special status as mobile phone users, among others, because brains continue to develop even up to 20 years of age. It should also be taken into account that children will have much more time to use mobile phones than adults today who started their regular mobile phone use only about ten years ago. The risk of long-term use of mobile phones cannot however be assessed with certainty until mobiles phones have been in use for several decades.
On the grounds of the above-mentioned facts, STUK states that it is reasonable to restrict children’s use of mobile phones the following ways:
* Parents are recommended to advice their children to use rather SMS messages than mobile phone calls
* Parents may restrict the number of their children’s mobile phone calls and their duration
* Parents are recommended to guide their children to use a hands-free that minimises the exposure of head significantly. When using a hands-free it is recommended to keep the mobile phone at least a few centimetres away from the body.
* It is not recommended to use mobile phones in weak fields.
STUK does not find it justifiable to totally prohibit children’s use of mobile phones. Mobile phones also create safety because they make children’s communication with parents easier.
Several studies, in several countries, have tried to find out any other effects apart from heating. On the basis of the results obtained from the studies, it has not been possible to conclude that radiation from mobile phones would be detrimental to health.
Experiments performed on cell cultures, also performed at STUK, have produced indicators that mobile telephone radiation could cause temporary changes in the functions of cells. These functions include the functions of genes, activation of proteins, and the internal chemical communication within cells. The trigger for these changes is unknown. It is only known that this phenomenon is not the result of excessive heating of tissue.
Radio waves at the radiation level of mobile phones may increase the permeability of the so-called blood-brain barrier. The blood-brain barrier regulates the passing of material between the bloodstream and brain cells. Possible changes are, however, minimal and disappear quickly when the radiation stops. This could possibly be a case of a change caused by microscopic heating. The occurrence falls within the realm of physiological fluctuation and is not known to be harmful.
Approximately 20 general population studies concerning the causal relation of possible tumour risk and mobile phone use have been carried out. On the grounds of the studies to date, it is not possible to make such a conclusion that mobile phones would cause a health risk. Nevertheless, certain analyses that combine several earlier studies have reported an increased risk of brain tumour in people who have used a mobile phone for a long time (more than ten years). These studies however involve uncertainties. One source of error is a memory illusion related to the fact that mobile phone use and call durations that took place many years are ago are difficult to recall exactly.
Since it takes years to develop a cancer and mobile phones have been in common use only for about ten years, the possibility, that a link between mobile phone use and cancer might be found in later population studies, cannot be ruled out.
It would be good to restrict children’s use of mobile phones
There is only scarce research evidence on children and mobile phones, and it is not easy to get more – in research ethical sense, children are a special group, which is why the intended study must be very well-founded. Research evidence is neither available on young people’s using habits of mobile phones. Studies have been made with young test animals but these results are not directly applicable to humans.
Children nevertheless have a special status as mobile phone users, among others, because brains continue to develop even up to 20 years of age. It should also be taken into account that children will have much more time to use mobile phones than adults today who started their regular mobile phone use only about ten years ago. The risk of long-term use of mobile phones cannot however be assessed with certainty until mobiles phones have been in use for several decades.
On the grounds of the above-mentioned facts, STUK states that it is reasonable to restrict children’s use of mobile phones the following ways:
* Parents are recommended to advice their children to use rather SMS messages than mobile phone calls
* Parents may restrict the number of their children’s mobile phone calls and their duration
* Parents are recommended to guide their children to use a hands-free that minimises the exposure of head significantly. When using a hands-free it is recommended to keep the mobile phone at least a few centimetres away from the body.
* It is not recommended to use mobile phones in weak fields.
STUK does not find it justifiable to totally prohibit children’s use of mobile phones. Mobile phones also create safety because they make children’s communication with parents easier.
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